The invention provides an ionic liquid dehumidifying method and an ionic liquid dehumidifying system for regulating gas humidity. The ionic liquid dehumidifying method comprises the following steps: enabling gas with higher humidity to sufficiently contact with a gas dehumidifying agent barren liquor, thus at least enabling moisture in the gas to be absorbed by the gas dehumidifying agent barren liquor to obtain a gas with lower humidity and a gas dehumidifying agent rich liquor; the gas dehumidifying agent barren liquor contains ionic liquor at least capable of absorbing water. Preferably, ionic liquid is adopted as the gas dehumidifying agent barren liquor. Preferably, the ionic liquid can also absorb volatile organic compounds. Water in the gas can be efficiently and fast removed by adopting the ionic liquid as a dehumidifying agent, the needed equipment is simple, and the system can stably and reliably run, and is safe and environment-friendly. The ionic liquid dehumidifying method and system are especially applicable to manufacturing shops needing to control air humidity, such as lithium battery, medicament manufacturing shops, and dried warehouses; and also, the ionic liquid dehumidifying method and system can also be applied to dewatering and purification technology of natural gas, associated gas and the like.