The invention discloses a GIS equipment temperature field reduced-order rapid simulation method and device, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, building a three-dimensional geometric simulation model of an inspection object according to the physical structure of the inspection object, performing multi-group working condition simulation on the established three-dimensional simulation model by utilizing finite element simulation software to obtain multi-group three-dimensional temperature field simulation analysis results; s2, according to the established three-dimensional geometric simulation model and the temperature field three-dimensional simulation result, extracting the temperature field three-dimensional simulation result as a temperature field one-dimensional data set through feature point extraction and temperature information data association on feature points; and S3, different input conditions are changed, simulation is carried out through the step S1, a training sample library is constructed according to the corresponding input one-dimensional data set and the corresponding temperature field one-dimensional data set obtained through extraction in the step S2, a training model is constructed, learning is carried out through machine learning software by utilizing samples of the training sample library, and a reduced-order model is generated.