The invention discloses a synthesis method of a compound for
protein fluorescent labeling and relates to the technical field of biomacromolecule fluorescent labeling. The synthesis method comprises the following steps of 1, reaction 1: heating 1.2-1.5 equivalent of a compound I and 1 equivalent of a compound II in 1.5-3.5 equivalent of
acetic anhydride with stirring for 0.5-1h to obtain an intermediate III, and 2, reaction 2: heating 1 equivalent of the intermediate III and 1.1-1.5 equivalent of
sodium iodide in an
organic solvent 2 to a temperature of 40-70 DEG C, and carrying out
reflux for 2-24h to obtain a desired product IV which is a water-soluble fluorescent compound. A
cyanine compound is introduced with multiple hydrophilic
sulfonic acid groups so that water
solubility is improved. A distance between a connection locus and a fluorescent group is further reduced so that probe rigidity is improved and thus the problem that the existing
protein fluorescent probe has nonuniform hydrophobic ends and hydrophilic ends and has long length of a probe connection group.