Micro spherical Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to a heavy hydrocarbon Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst and a preparation method thereof. Since a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is a strong exothermic reaction, when a fixed bed is used, reaction heat is difficult to remove, temperature runaway is easily caused and a catalyst is easily inactivated and when a fluidized bed is used, selectivity of heavy hydrocarbon (hydrocarbons containing more than five carbon atoms) is low. By adoption fo the heavy hydrocarbon Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst and the preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, all the problems in the prior art can be solved. According to the technical scheme, an iron-based fluidized bed catalyst is adopted, wherein at least one of Si and Al oxides is taken as a carrier of the catalyst and the active component of the catalyst contains a composition with the following chemical formula in atomic ratio: Fe100AaMnbCrcOx; and synthetic gas serving as raw material comes into contact with the iron-based fluidized bed catalyst in a fluidized bed to react under the conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.5-10MPa, the reaction temperature is 200-600 DEG C, reaction air speed is 100-8000/h and ratio of H2/CO in the raw material gas is (0.1-5.0):1, so as to generate heavy hydrocarbon. The heavy hydrocarbon Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst can be applied to industrial production of fluidized bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction.