The invention provides a heteroatom-doped porous carbon material with a high specific surface area, and a preparation method thereof. The preparation steps are as follows: (1) mixing a copper nanoparticle template with a surfactant and a reaction initiator in water to obtain a precursor mixed solution, then adding a polymer monomer are to carry out a polymerization reaction, and separating a polymer coated with the copper nanoparticle template by centrifugation; (2) performing thermal cracking on the polymer; and (3) treating the carbonized product with an acidic solution to dissolve the copper nanoparticle template, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a precipitate, namely the product, and retaining a supernatant to prepare a new copper nanoparticle template. The heteroatom dopingamount, morphology, particle size, and pore volume of the material provided by the invention are easy to control, and the application in different fields such as new energy materials, electrochemicalmaterials, and biological materials is convenient. In addition, the technical route realizes recycling of the metal nano template, the cost during large-scale production can be significantly reduced,and thereby the technical route has practical application significance.