The invention discloses a heat pump air-conditioning unit system suitable for a high-humidity low-temperature environment of an underground hydropower station cavern. The heat pump air-conditioning unit system comprises a cooling water system, a heat pump system, a cooling (heating) system, a dehumidification system, and an air processing system, wherein the cooling water system is composed of a water intaking head, a water intaking pipe, a dirt separator, a water intaking pump, a first electric adjusting valve, a first heat exchanger and a second electric adjusting valve; the heat pump system is composed of a compressor, a four-way valve, a second heat exchanger, a first one-way valve, a first expansion valve, a second one-way valve, a second expansion valve, a first heat exchanger, a third electric adjusting valve, a third heat exchanger and a fourth electric adjusting valve; the cooling (heating) system is composed of the second heat exchanger, a frozen water pump and a surface cooler; the dehumidification system is composed of a third heat exchanger, a heating water pump, a water heater, an electric heater and a runner dehumidifying mechanism, and the air processing system is composed of the surface cooler and the runner dehumidifying mechanism. Good operation of various functions of refrigerating, heating, dehumidifying and the like of the underground hydropower station cavern at the stages in the whole year can be ensured, and a lot of energy wastes caused by dehumidification can be saved.