The invention discloses a determination method for contents of elemental silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium in weathering-resistant steel. The determination method comprises the following steps: step 1, preparation of standard stock solutions needed in a working curve; step 2, preparation of a working curve solution; step 2, preparation of a sample solution: a step of taking a to-be-determined steel sample and adding a mixed acid of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid to dissolve the sample so as to obtain the sample solution; and step 4, detection of the contents of silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium in the sample by using plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The determination method provided by the invention can realize simultaneous determination of the five elements, i.e., silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium, by dissolving the sample once, so few chemical reagents are needed, pollution to the environment is small, labor cost is reduced, and an analysis speed is increased. The method is simple and rapid to operate and low in analysis cost; determination results of the method have good stability, reproducibility and accuracy; and the method can meet requirements of quantitative analysis detection of the contents of silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium in the weathering-resistant steel in daily life.