The invention discloses one-step forming solvent type single-component quick drying hammer finish which comprises, by weight, 50-70 parts of alkyd resin, 13-17 parts of modified liquid resin, 12-15 parts of methylbenzene, 0.1-0.4 part of patent organic auxiliaries, 3-5 parts of non-floating aluminum paste, 4-6 parts of xylene, 0.2-0.4 part of hammer tone auxiliaries, 1.0-2.5 parts of polyethylene wax, 0.5-1.5 parts of compound driers and 0.1-0.3 part of anti-skinning agents. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the one-step forming solvent type single-component quick drying hammer finish. When in construction, the one-step forming solvent type single-component quick drying hammer finish can be formed only by one-step spraying without grounding or sagging, decorative patterns are clear, stereoscopic impression is high, diluting agents are no longer added in construction, construction can be performed through direct uncapping and uniform stirring by non-specialized persons, and construction difficulty is greatly reduced.