The invention provides an exhaust gas recirculation system in a phosphorus coal pelletizing process, and belongs to the technical field of chemical engineering. The system comprises a base, an extrusion barrel, a scraping rotary drum and a gear motor, an outer protective cover is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the extrusion barrel, the scraping rotary drum is connected with an output shaft of the gear motor, a shell of the gear motor is fixed on the outer protective cover, a plurality of scraping plates are uniformly arranged on the outer wall surface of the scraping rotary drum in the circumferential direction, a return pipe is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the gear motor, the return pipe is fixedly connected with the scraping rotary drum, the return pipe is rotatably connected with a hollow rotary drum fixed on the base, the hollow rotary drum is communicated with the return pipe and is connected with a breather pipe, the breather pipe is communicated with the top of the outer protective cover, overflow holes in one-to-one correspondence with troughs are formed in the bottom of the scraping rotary drum, the upper ends of the troughs are communicated with the top ofthe outer protective cover, and an air blower for blowing hot air in the outer protective cover into the heating cavity is arranged on the breather pipe. The system has the advantages of avoiding exhaust emission and the like.