The invention provides a photocurable polyester oligomer for 3D printing as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: carrying outvacuum heating dehydration on an aliphatic hydroxyl acid monomer to prepare a polyester prepolymer, adding an initiator in the presence of polyol to prepare a hydroxyl-terminated prepolymer by a meltcopolymerization method, and finally adding acrylic acid anhydride to prepare the photocurable aliphatic polyester oligomer. The prepared photocurable aliphatic polyester oligomer can be directly combined with a photoinitiator, and is suitable for DLP type 3D printing. The photocurable aliphatic polyester resin material prepared by the method is high in purity, relatively low and adjustable in viscosity, can be used in the biomedical field, especially in the fields of drug sustained release, tissue engineering, bone fixation, repair materials and the like, a photocuring polyester degradation material is combined with a 3D printing technology, the printed material is non-toxic and has excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, the degradation rate is between 6 months and 36 months, and a new direction is provided for application of 3D printing.