The invention belongs to the field of metallographic sample polishing and clamping, and relates to an automatic reversing and cooling polishing machine clamping system which comprises a box base, supporting rods are fixedly arranged on the two sides of the upper end of the box base, a mounting platform is fixedly arranged on the supporting rods, a main motor is arranged in the box base, and a groove is fixedly formed in the middle of the upper end of the box base. And a rotating shaft is slidably arranged at the bottom in the groove, a polishing disc is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the rotating shaft, and a connecting rod is fixedly arranged in the middle of the side, facing the box body base, of the mounting platform. According to the device, the polishing direction of the irregular metallographic specimen can be changed during polishing while the irregular metallographic specimen is clamped, and the irregular metallographic specimen is fully polished.