The invention discloses a preparation of silica-coated silver core composite particles. The preparation method comprises the following steps of mixing silver nitrate, ethanol and water, heating the mixed solution, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone into the mixed solution, then dropwisely adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into the mixed solution for a reaction, after the reaction is finished, cooling to obtain a nano-silver particle-containing solution, adding ammonia water into the nano-silver particle-containing solution, then dropwisely adding tetraethoxysilane into the mixed solution for a reaction to obtain a composite particle-containing solution after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing the composite particle-containing solution to obtain composite particles, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion of the composite particles in water, heating the composite particles, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone into the composite particles for reactions of surfaces of the composite particles, cooling the reaction products, then dropwisely adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into the reaction products for follow-up reactions, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the silica-coated silver core composite particles. The preparation method has simple processes, can be operated easily and has a high yield. The invention also discloses the silica-coated silver core composite particles. The silica-coated silver core composite particles have mesoporous structures having uniform sizes and shapes, have good controlled-release performances and antimicrobial activity and are especially suitable for preparation of antibacterial films.