237 results about "Physical chemistry" patented technology

The invention relates to a capacitor of a lithium ion battery. The capacitor comprises a capacitor shell, an organic electrolyte arranged in the capacitor shell, a winding core formed by isolating a positive plate from a negative plate through an ion permeability microporous membrane and winding, wherein the positive plate and the negative plate are respectively connected with a positive lug and a negative lug and are led out by the positive lug and the negative lug to a positive end and a negative end of the capacitor shell. A negative active material comprises a material A and a material B, wherein the material A comprises at least one of hard carbon and soft carbon, the material B comprises at least one of natural graphite, modified graphite and synthetic graphite, the material A accounts for 50.0%-95.0% of the capacity percentage of the negative active material, and the material B accounts for 5.0%-50.0% of the capacity percentage of the negative active material. The capacitor has the high-energy density characteristic of the lithium ion battery and the high-power density characteristic of a double electric layer capacitor.

The invention relates to a surface coating modified lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof. The surface coating modified lithium ion battery cathode material has a general chemical formula of LiNi<1-a-b>CoaAlbO2/M, wherein a is more than 0.1 and less than 0.3, b is more than 0.01 and less than 0.2, and M refers to a coating layer. The material is coated by adopting a dry method; the coating layer refers to one or a mixture of two of lithium iron phosphate and lithium ferric manganese phosphate; and the mass ratio of the coating layer to LiNi<1-a-b>CoaAlbO2 is (0.01-0.2):1. The surface coating modified lithium ion battery cathode material and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention have the advantages that the stability of the cathode material is improved, and the safety performance of the material is improved; and moreover, in the dry-method coating process, waste liquor is not produced, high-temperature sintering is not needed, and the energy consumption and cost can be reduced.

The invention provides a method for preparing all-Inorganic perovskite films. The method include steps of 1) using temperature control technology and dissolving PbX<2> and CsX(X=Br, Cl, I) powder in an organic solvent under certain temperature to obtain a mixed solution; 2)spin coating the mixed solution on a substrate; and 3) standing the spin coated substrate for a while to obtain an all-Inorganic perovskite film, wherein the step 3) superfluous organic solvent on the surface of the film is removed through a vacuum-pumping method. The method is simpler and easier for operation than a conventional annealing film drying method, and the coverage rate of the obtained perovskite film is greater (approaching to 100%). The particles are smaller, and the performance of an electroluminescent device is better. The technical is simple, and the cost is low. Mass production of all-Inorganic perovskite electroluminescent device is facilitated.

The invention relates to an electrolyte for a ternary cathode material lithium ion battery. The electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, organic solvent and an additive, wherein the lithium salt is an imidodisulfuryl fluoride lithium salt of which the concentration is greater than 1 mol/L; the organic solvent comprises cyanogen carboxylate and other non-water organic solvent; the addition mass of the cyanogen carboxylate is 5-35% of the total mass of the organic solvent; the cyanogen carboxylate is a combination of one or more selected from the following structural formulae in the specification; and at least one of R1 and R2 is a cyanogen radical or a cyanogen radical containing group. By using the electrolyte provided by the invention, the cycle performance of the ternary cathode material lithium ion battery at normal temperature can be stabilized, the aging and swelling phenomena of the ternary cathode material lithium ion battery under high-temperature conditions can be inhibited, and the internal resistance of the ternary cathode material lithium ion battery is reduced.

The invention discloses an on-line detection instrument for hydrogen fluoride gas. The on-line detection instrument comprises a detection system and a central processing system, wherein the detection system comprises a sampling device and an HF (Hydrogen Fluoride) gas sensor which is connected with the central processing system; the sampling device comprises a gas detection chamber; the gas detection chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet which are connected with a GIS (Geographic Information System) high-pressure gas chamber; the HF gas sensor is fixed on the gas detection chamber; a testing end of the HF gas sensor is positioned inside the gas detection chamber; gas from the GIS high-pressure gas chamber enters the gas detection chamber; the HF gas sensor is used for detecting the concentration of the HF gas in the gas, and used for transmitting detection information to the central processing system to be processed so as to obtain the content of the HF gas. The invention further discloses a method for quantitatively detecting the hydrogen fluoride gas by using the detection instrument. By utilizing the detection instrument and the method, the content of the hydrogen fluoride gas can be rapidly and accurately detected in real time, and SF6 inside SF6 electric equipment is not lost.

The invention relates to the field of lithium carbonate preparation, in particular to a method for extracting lithium from brine to prepare battery-grade lithium carbonate by an ion exchange method. The method includes the steps of 1), removing magnesium by a coprecipitation method; 2), adsorbing to extract the lithium by a manganese adsorbent; 3), preparing the battery-grade lithium carbonate, namely adding alkaline liquor into a desorption solution in the step 2), regulating a pH value to 7-12, producing manganese hydroxide precipitate, filtering the manganese hydroxide precipitate, concentrating filtrate until the lithium content reaches 20-30 g/L, filtering to remove sodium chloride, adding a saturated sodium carbonate solution to react, filtering, and subjecting filter cakes to water scrubbing so as to obtain the battery-grade lithium carbonate. The method has the advantages that hydrotalcite is obtained after magnesium removal, so that the problem of recycling the magnesium in the brine is solved; the content of various impurity ions in the desorption solution can be controlled effectively by removing the magnesium and extracting the lithium by adsorption sequentially, and then the battery-grade lithium carbonate is prepared.

The invention provides a low-temperature electrolyte for a lithium iron phosphate battery. The low-temperature electrolyte is prepared from the following raw materials: an electrolyte lithium salt, an organic solvent and a low-temperature additive, wherein the low-temperature additive is at least one of triethanolamine, tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, 12-crown (ether)-4, 15-crown (ether)-5 and 18-crown (ether)-6; and the mass of the low-temperature additive is 0.1%-5% of total mass of the electrolyte. By the low-temperature electrolyte, the low-temperature performance of the battery is effectively improved.

A method for forming an ultrathin-wall porous metal pipe fitting belongs to the field of powder metallurgy production and includes the steps: firstly, adding monomers and crosslinking agents into organic solvents or deionized water according to the volume ratio of 1-120:1 to prepare pre-mixed liquor with the concentration of 5-50wt%; secondly, mixing metal powder and pore-forming agents with the prepared pre-mixed liquor of a stable gel system, adding dispersing agents accounting for 0.05-5wt% of the mass of metal powder, adjusting pH (potential of hydrogen) and stirring or ball-milling the mixture for 2-10h to prepare suspending slurry with fine flowability; thirdly, adding 0.1-3.5wt% of catalysts and initiating agents, evenly stirring the mixture, filling the mixture into a large-size mould in a complicated shape after vacuum degassing, demoulding after solidifying the mixture for 30s-30min at the temperature of 30-90 DEG C, and drying a blank in vacuum or protective atmosphere; and finally sintering the blank into a pair. The method can be used for preparing the ultrathin-wall porous metal pipe fitting, so that the problem of easiness of breakage in pressure forming is avoided. By adjusting the content and the granularity of the pore-forming agents, the porosity and the pore size of the part are controlled, and the method is simple in process and low in production cost.

The invention discloses a lithium-sulfur battery electrolyte with high safety and high performance. The electrolyte is prepared from three components as follows: 0.1-10 mol/L of lithium salt, a fluoro cyclic and/or chain-like carbonate ester compound organic solvent and other functional additives. The electrolyte is quite stable for lithium polysulfide, and the problem about reaction of common carbonate ester solvents and lithium polysulfide is solved; meanwhile, the fluorine element has a good flame retardant property and the safety performance of the lithium-sulfur battery adopting the electrolyte can be remarkably improved.

The invention relates to a method for preparing the cathode material used in a ferrous phosphate lithium battery by adopting low-valent oxyacid of phosphorus; the technical proposal is as follows: lithium salt, ferrous salt, phosphate, and hypophosphorous acid or hypophosphite are blended according to the mol ratio that Li: Fe: PO4<3->: H3PO2 or AH2PO2 or E(H2PO2)2 is equal to x: y (1-z): k. Carbon-containing compound or carbon powder and wet milling liquid are added, ball milling is carried out for 3-12 hours, and the mixture is dried in atmospheric pressure or vacuum at 48-100 DEG C. The dried powder is prepared into the lithium iron phosphate containing controllable Fe2P by two-stage sintering process or temperature programmed two-stage sintering process. When the molecular formula of hypophosphite, one ingredient of the reaction composite, is AH2PO2 or E(H2PO2)2, A is Li<+>, Na <+>, K<+>, Ag<+> or NH<+>, E is Ca<2+>, Sr<2+>, Ba <2+>, Ga <2+>, Ge<2+>, Sn<2+>, Sc<2+>, Mn<2+>, Fe<2+>, Co<2+>, Ni<2+>, Cu<2+>, Zn<2+> or Mo<2+>. The method of the invention has low cost of raw materials, broad source of raw materials, simple preparation and short time consumed; the prepared materials have even composition, excellent discharge performance and good discharge cycling performance in heavy current.

The invention discloses a trivalent copper catalyst and a preparation method thereof and application to hydrochlorination of acetylene. The preparation method of the trivalent copper catalyst comprises the steps that a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and copper salt are added into a trichloromethane solution to mix to obtain a mixed solution A containing a bivalent copper compound; ionicliquid is added into the obtained mixed solution A, and under the action of an oxidant, a mixed solution B containing a trivalent copper compound is obtained; and a porous solid carrier is immersed in the obtained mixed solution B containing the trivalent copper compound for 0.5-5 h, then the treated solid is taken out, and heated and dried under the condition of blue light irradiation, and the trivalent copper catalyst is obtained. The trivalent copper catalyst is used for the reaction of acetylene hydrochlorination to prepare vinyl chloride. The trivalent copper catalyst is prepared by simple operation steps, the stability and activity of the catalyst are improved, the production cost is lowered, and good application prospect is achieved.

The invention discloses a method and device for evaluating the urea crystallization risk based on a steady-state working condition. According to the method for evaluating the urea crystallization risk based on the steady-state working condition, a urea crystallization risk coefficient eta is evaluated through three coefficients, including a quality coefficient eta m, a temperature coefficient eta t and an efficiency coefficient eta e. The urea crystallization risk coefficient is obtained through comprehensive calculation from the three aspects of quality, temperature and structure, the crystallization risk is quantified through a mathematical method, the urea crystallization threshold value can be obtained through calibration, the urea decomposition detailed mechanism is fused into the model, the chemical reaction path is expressed in the form of a mathematical equation, the influence of an SCR mixer on crystallization is quantified from the angle of SCR conversion efficiency, the urea crystallization risk coefficient is not a fixed formula and can be calibrated according to a bench steady-state test, and the method is deduced based on a urea crystallization basic principle and a mathematical formula and is high in reliability.

The invention discloses a resin-based nano-lanthanum material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of environmentally functional materials. The preparation methodincludes the following steps: 1) dissolving lanthanum chloride heptahydrate and concentrated hydrochloric acid in alcohol, performing mixing, adding a resin polymer, and performing stirring at room temperature; 2) filtering the resin after completion of stirring, and performing drying; 3) adding the resin to a precipitant solution, and performing stirring at room temperature so as to filter out the resin; and 4) washing the product by using water until neutrality, adding a NaCl solution, performing stirring, filtering out the resin, and performing drying so as to obtain the resin-based nano-lanthanum material. Lanthanum is mixed with hydrochloric acid so as to make lanthanum and chloride ions form complex anions, lanthanum in the form of complex anions in alcohol is uniformly adsorbed into anion exchange resin pore channels, then the nano-lanthanum compound is further generated in situ, and the prepared nano lanthanum particles have more uniform distribution, and have a high phosphorus adsorption rate.

The invention relates to a Na<+> superionic conductor (NASICON) type lithium-ion solid electrolyte collaboratively doping with F<->, B<3+> and Y<3+> ions and a preparation method thereof. The stoichiometric equation of the solid electrolyte is Li<1+x+2y-z>Y<x>Zr<2-x>B<y>P<3-y>O<12-z>F<z>, wherein x is equal to 0.1 to 0.5, y is equal to 0.1 to 0.3, and z is equal to 0.1 to 0.2. The NASICON type lithium-ion solid electrolyte collaboratively doping with the F<->, B<3+> and Y<3+> ions is obtained by uniformly mixing Y(NO3)<3>.6H2O, B2O3, LiF, ZrOCl<2>.8H2O, (NH4)<2>HPO4 and LiNO3 according to a mole ratio of being (0.1-0.5):(0.05-0.15):(0.1-0.2):(1.5-1.9):(2.7-2.9):(1.1-2.0) and carrying out heating, stirring, drying, ball grinding, pressing and sintering. The normal-temperature lithium ion conductivity of a solid electrolyte slice prepared according to the method is more than 5*10<-4> S/cm.

The invention provides a method for rapidly optimizing metal ions to promote bacillus to produce spores by a response surface method. The method comprises the following steps: taking spores DPA fluorescence intensity as a response value; screening metal ions which possibly affect fermentation of spores by a simple factor design of experiments at first; and selecting types of metal ions which remarkably improve the fluorescence intensity and the most suitable adding concentration when the concentration of the ions is changed. A central combined design is adopted further, the fluorescence intensity of spores DPA is also used as a response value, a combined effect of the metal ions is counted, analyzed and determined through a response surface, and thus, maximization of the yield of spores under the combined condition of a certain concentration of the ions is implemented. By the method, the working strength of detection of the test design in a fermenting process of the spores can be greatly reduced, a test period is shortened, test accuracy is ensured, and the design efficiency is improved.

The invention provides an electron-grade hydrochloric acid production method. The electron-grade hydrochloric acid production method sequentially comprises the following steps that 1, synthesized hydrogen chloride gas enters an adsorption tower so as to remove free chlorine; 2, a reagent-grade hydrochloric acid solvent is adopted to enter a washing tower from the inlet in the upper part of the washing tower to wash the adsorbed hydrogen chloride gas so that soluble impurities can be removed; 3, the washed hydrogen chloride gas passes through first condensation and secondary condensation and enters a demister so as to remove mist, so that high-purity hydrogen chloride gas is obtained; 4, high-purity hydrogen chloride is absorbed by a first and a secondary falling film absorber and a tail gas absorbing tower, and then passes through a hyrochloric acid cooler, so that a finished product is obtained; 5, absorbant water adopts hyperpure water; and 6, the finished product obtained in the step 4 enters a finished product storage tank, and is ultrafiltered to remove particulate impurities, so that electronic hydrochloric acid is obtained. The electronic hydrochloric acid production methodhas the characteristics of simple technology, continuous production, good stability,simple equipment, and the like.

The invention relates to a perovskite quantum dot-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite quantum dot-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal is preparedfrom the following components, in parts by mass: 1-10 parts of perovskite quantum dots, 20-74 parts of a photosensitive polymer, 20-78 parts of a nematic liquid crystal, and 1-5 parts of a photoinitiator. The obtained perovskite quantum dot-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal is applied to a random laser. The raw materials of the dispersed liquid crystal are simple and easy to obtain, the costs are low, and the obtained random laser has the characteristics of a short preparation period, a simple preparation process, low production costs, higher emission light intensity and a low thresholdvalue, so that the dispersed liquid crystal has broad application prospects.