The invention relates to a solid waste-based baking-free environment-friendly hollow brick and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of solid waste utilization environmental protection and the field of hollow bricks. Red mud, mineral powder, industrial by-product gypsum, fly ash, silica fume, aluminum ash, carbide slag, wastewater and other solid wastes and waste liquids are usedas main raw materials. The hollow brick comprises the raw materials in parts by mass: 35-50% of red mud, 30-45% of mineral powder, 10-20% of industrial by-product gypsum, 5-15% of a reinforcing agent,0.5-3% of a cementing agent and the balance of sewage or wastewater, wherein the reinforcing agent is prepared by mixing 15-23% of silica fume, 10-25% of aluminum ash, 20-30% of fly ash, 15-30% of carbide slag, 5-10% of zeolite powder and 5-15% of asphalt. Large-scale resource utilization of solid waste is achieved, the occupied area of the solid waste is reduced, environmental pollution is reduced, no natural mineral resources are consumed during preparation, multiple solid waste and waste liquid are used as main raw materials of the baking-free hollow brick, and the product has the advantages of high strength, low cost, environmental protection, energy conservation, simple and convenient process and easiness in popularization and application.