The invention discloses a parallel assembly method, device and equipment for a complex optical-mechanical-electrical system and a medium. The parallel assembly method comprises the steps that data acquisition is carried out on an assembly object in a physical space to perfect a calculation model in a digital space; in the assembling process, performance testing is conducted on an assembling link in the physical space, an assembling performance index corresponding to the physical space is obtained, and an assembling performance index corresponding to the digital space is obtained through simulation calculation; according to the assembling performance indexes, assembling error calculation and compensation parameter distribution are carried out through a calculation model, the compensated assembling performance indexes are predicted, and an optimal compensation scheme is determined. According to the scheme, the assembly process in the physical space is guided to be adjusted. According tothe method, the two parallel virtual and real worlds of the physical space and the digital space are associated and guided mutually, the calculation model is subjected to assembly error calculation, the assembly process in the physical space is guided reversely, and the whole process is measurable, controllable, visual, stable in performance and high in efficiency.