The invention discloses a preparation method of an Au-P/SiO2 catalyst. The preparation method comprises following steps: dissolving Tween 80 into a mixed solution composed of distilled water and 1-propanol, adding ethyl silicate, allowing the mixture to stand still for a night to form a colorless transparent solution, adding sodium fluoride, carrying out reactions for 51-53 hours at a temperatureof 24-26 DEG C under a rotation speed of 250 rpm, carrying out centrifugation, drying, and burning to obtain mesoporous silica; adding silica into a reaction bottle, evenly dispersing silica into distilled water by ultrasonic waves, then adding a HAuCl4 solution, adding NaH2PO2 under stirring, adjusting the pH to 9.4-9.6 by using ammonia water, carrying out reactions for 2 to 3 hours at a temperature of 65-75 DEG C, opening the glass stopper of the reaction bottle so as to volatize the ammonia water, keeping on performing reactions for 5.5 to 6.5 hours, and after reactions, performing suctionfiltering, washing, and drying to obtain the catalyst. The method is simple, convenient and quick, and the prepared Au-P/SiO2 catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and stability.