The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation construction equipment, in particular to a
shield tunneling machine capable of changing the excavation
diameter at any proportion and a
diameter changing method. The
shield tunneling machine comprises a variable-
diameter cutterhead, a variable-diameter front shield, a variable-diameter middle shield, a
tail shield and a trolley with telescopic supporting legs. The device further comprises a torsion beam, an active hinge oil cylinder, a folding shed type rubber hinge seal, a spiral conveyor, a segment erector and a man bin. According to the
shield tunneling machine, the excavation diameter can be rapidly changed in any proportion within a certain range in a starting well and a tunnel; when other diameters or sections are excavated in a transition mode, the cutter head, the shield body and the rear matched trolley can all change the diameter rapidly, and excavation of different diameters or sections can be adapted only by manufacturing a folding shed type rubber hinge seal, a
tail shield and the like. And the same shield tunneling machine can be used for excavating tunnels with different excavation diameters, so that the equipment purchase and transformation cost and the vertical shaft construction cost of a construction site are greatly reduced, the construction period is greatly shortened, and the shield tunneling machine has very high research value.