One or more embodiments of the invention provide an image data generation method and device. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a
simulation object model of a target object and a
simulation environment model of a target scene; constructing a
simulation scene of the target scene based on the simulation
object model and the simulation environment model; generating a rendered
image based onthe simulation scene, and determining
annotation information of the rendered image, the
annotation information being used for representing distribution information of a simulation
object model contained in the simulation scene in the rendered image. A simulation scene of a target scene is automatically constructed; rendering the simulation scene by using a three-dimensional rendering technology toobtain a plurality of target
annotation images; therefore, a large number of actually shot images do not need to be shot on site, the actually shot images do not need to be labeled manually, the synthesized image with high image reality sense and high labeling accuracy can be generated quickly, and a large number of available sample data with labeling information are provided for model training.