The invention discloses a microelectrode amplifier. The microelectrode amplifier comprises a microelectrode input circuit, a sampling resistor, a signal follower, a first signal conditioning circuit,a second signal conditioning circuit, a third signal conditioning circuit, a fourth signal conditioning circuit, an adder, a first digital-to-analog conversion unit, a second digital-to-analog conversion unit, a third digital-to-analog conversion unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a processor, a single-pole switch and an interface unit. The interface unit comprises a return-to-zero outputinterface used for outputting return-to-zero signals, an output interface used for outputting compensated signals, and a digital interface used for outputting pole resistance values. According to themicroelectrode amplifier, the invention is not only applied to a cell research, but also can be applied to an environmental detection, and the amplifier is small in size, low in cost, stable in performance, and is not limited to the precision of electronic devices, and a pole resistance measurement, a quick return-to-zero operation and a negative capacitance compensation can be realized.