The invention provides a method for increasing hardness of a cast-iron oil pumping unit reduction case. According to the method, the cast-iron oil pumping unit reduction case is produced by technological steps as follows: design of a casting system, manufacture of the casting system, liquid iron melting, high-temperature standing, charging in front of a furnace, instantaneous inoculation, castingthermal insulation and knockout, casting check and measurement and dissecting verification. With the adoption of the method, single casting, attached casting of samples and random dissection of the casting of a gray pig iron complex case are realized; experimental verification shows that strength, hardness and metallographic phase of the casting produced with the technological scheme meet international requirements; and compared with other methods, the gray pig iron casting adopts the casting system with steps of dispersing, multi-strand processing, bottom pouring, open mold filling and liquidiron filtering as well as a melting technological scheme with high equivalent carbon content, high carbon content, low silicon content, controlled Mn/S ratio and Cr-Sn matched low alloying, therefore, the casting quality meets the international requirements, and meanwhile, the casting cost is reduced.