147 results about "Exhaust gas" patented technology

The present invention relates to a refrigeration or air-conditioning apparatus which utilizes a vapor compression refrigeration system having a refrigerant circulating therethrough that comprises a compressor powered by an engine exhaust gas driven turbine. A mini centrifugal compressor may advantageously be used with such an apparatus, thus allowing the use of low GWP refrigerants. The present invention further relates to methods for powering a compressor, such as a mini-centrifugal compressor, in a refrigeration or air-conditioning apparatus, and methods for controlling compressor surge, impeller speed and cooling capacity.

A variable displacement internal combustion engine having selectively disabled cylinders, the engine including two turbochargers each having a turbine and a compressor, an exhaust system connecting the turbines of both turbochargers to all the engine cylinders, and valving within the exhaust system for selectively directing exhaust gases to flow through one, the other or both turbocharger exhaust turbines, the valving being controlled in dependence upon the number of deactivated cylinders.

A gas generating process, which is for the continuous production of energy and hydrogen for rocket and other propulsion and is also for the continuous production of hydrogen, utilizes the reaction of metallic materials, particularly aluminum, with organic materials, particularly hydrocarbons provided as jet fuel, and with water or an oxidizer which is predominantly water. In comparison with related reactions, the reaction produces hot gases containing more hydrogen and the products have a lower temperature for the same specific impulse. The process incorporates organic liquids with metallic powders to produce desirable, lower molecular weight exhaust gas products; and the increased hydrogen is desirable for use with a fuel cell and in connection with propulsion of a super-cavitating underwater device. The process is advantageous in that a metal, in powdered form, and a hydrocarbon liquid may be provided together as a slurry or gel for effective metering. The metallic material may also be provided with the organic material in the form of a binder as used in solid propellants, and the organic material and water may be provided together in the form of a water containing liquid monopropellant. The hydrogen containing product gases from the reaction may be further reacted with suitable oxidizers for production of additional energy or steam. The reaction is particularly useful for underwater vehicles where ambient water is available and the reaction products may be used for propulsion.

An engine air brake device for a 4-stroke reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine is provided and has at least one intake valve and two exhaust valves per cylinder. The exhaust train incorporates a throttling device actuatable for engine deceleration so that an exhaust back pressure builds up in the accumulated exhaust gas upstream of the throttling device and becomes effective in conjunction with an engine-internal braking device associated to only one of the two exhaust valves for each cylinder, the other exhaust valve being controlled conventionally. The engine-internal braking device comprises a control piston installed in the valve bridge and pressed in the direction of the exhaust valve from a control pressure chamber supplied with pressurized oil and possibly also by means of an additional control compression spring.

A detection device for internal combustion engines exhaust gases post-treatment systems has a casing (2, 3) housing a circuit arrangement (21, 31) including humidity sensor means (32), for measuring the humidity of the gas. The circuit arrangement further comprises temperature sensor means (33) and pressure sensor means (22), for detecting a gas temperature value and a gas pressure value, respectively. The gas temperature value can be used for compensating the humidity value obtained through the humidity sensor means (32) and the pressure value can be used for deducing the clogging degree of a filter of the post-treatment system. Preferably the pressure sensor means (22) are housed in a first chamber (8) of the casing (2-3) while the humidity sensor means (32) and the temperature sensor means (33) are housed in a second chamber (10b) of the casing (2, 3).

A one-step process for preparing both cyanuramide and the ammonium hydrogen carbonate/sodium carbonate and ammonium chloride features that the synthetic amonia is directly delivered to the cyanuramide preparing step, where it is preheated to 350-400 deg.C and used as gas carrier of fluidized bed, and the gas from liquid urea washing tower is divdied into two channels, one returning back to crystallizer and used as cold gas and another being directly used to prepare ammonium hydrogen carbonate/sodium carbonate and ammonium chloiride. Its advantages are low cost and high catalytic efficiency.

The invention relates to a method for producing energy-saving sintered bricks from mud. The sintered brick is made from river mud, municipal sludge and sea mud as raw material, by mixing with silica-based inorganic binder at a certain proportion, ageing, extruding with a extrusion molding machine to obtain blanks, cutting the blanks with a cutter, drying, sintering and burning. The invention makes full use of mud and the additional amount of mud is high up to 50%. The invention realizes energy and resource conservation and helps develop the circular economy and realize the comprehensive utilization of resources. The produced energy-saving sintered brick has the advantages of high porosity and good heat-insulation effect. During the sintering process, the flue gas is circularly treated, the exhaust gas is treated with acidic and alkaline solutions to remove harmful substances (such as dioxin) from the exhaust gas, and harmful substances such as heavy metals are solidified, therefore, the whole production process and the final product do not cause environmental pollution or hazard.

A composite oxide includes CeO₂, ZrO₂ and a metallic oxide being free from reacting with CeO₂ and ZrO₂ at 700° C. or more, preferably at 900° C. or more and further preferably at 1,000° C. or more. The composite oxide has a regulatory oriented phase, such as a pyrochlore phase, etc., in which at least a part of Ce cations and Zr cations are oriented regularly. The composite oxide makes a catalytic support. The CeO₂—ZrO₂ composite oxide and the reaction-free metallic oxide make barriers each other which suppress the granular growth when the composite oxide is subjected to high-temperature heat in a reducing heat treatment to form the regulatory oriented phase. The regulatory oriented phase improves the oxygen storage-and-release capability of the catalytic support. Thus, it is possible to simultaneously attain a large a specific surface area and a high oxygen storage-and-release capability.

An airflow control system for a combined cycle turbomachine system in accordance with an embodiment includes: an airflow generation system for attachment to a rotatable shaft of a gas turbine system, the airflow generation system drawing in an excess flow of air through an air intake section; a mixing area for receiving an exhaust gas stream produced by the gas turbine system; an air extraction system for extracting a first portion of the excess flow of air to provide bypass air, and for diverting the bypass air into the mixing area to reduce a temperature of the exhaust gas stream; and an airflow regulation system for diverting a second portion of the excess flow of air into the compressor component and, in response to an under-frequency grid event, for increasing the second portion of the excess flow of air diverted into the compressor component.

The invention relates to a system for urban sludge flue gas drying middle-temperature pyrolysis carboization. The system comprises a hot air device and a feed storage metering device, a low-temperature flue gas drying device, a bag-type dust remover, a middle-temperature pyrolysis carboization device, a flue gas waste heat recovery device and a tail gas purification and deodorization device which are connected in sequence, and the hot air device supplies hot air to the low-temperature flue gas drying device and the middle-temperature pyrolysis carboization device. According to the system for urban sludge flue gas drying middle-temperature pyrolysis carboization, by means of optimal combination of the system and energy gradient utilization, the energy consumption of the system is reduced, and the thermal efficiency is effectively improved; by means of middle-temperature pyrolysis, the problem that coking and blocking are caused by local overheating of the sludge is solved, and the reliability of the system is improved. The system adopts a low-temperature flue gas drying technology and serves as front section sludge drying core equipment, the atomizing drying efficiency is high, and the time is short; a principle of combining the drying section with a spouted bed and a fluidized bed can effectively control the particle size of dried discharging materials to be 2-4 mm, and the subsequent carbonization efficiency is effectively improved.

A method for operating an internal combustion engine, in whose exhaust gas system an exhaust gas treatment device is positioned, a reagent, which is possibly mixed with compressed air, being introduced into the exhaust gas system upstream from the exhaust gas treatment device, and a device for performing the method. The reagent is brought to a predefined reagent setpoint pressure using a reagent pump and subsequently metered using a reagent dosing valve. The reagent pressure existing upstream from the reagent dosing valve is detected. In the framework of a diagnosis, a time curve of the reagent setpoint pressure is predefined. The reagent pressure detected during the diagnosis is compared to at least one predefined threshold value. If the threshold value is exceeded, an error signal is provided. The corresponding diagnosis of a compressed air path may be provided alternatively or additionally to the diagnosis of the reagent path.

The disclosure relates to a cylinder head having at least one cylinder. The cylinder head comprises a radial turbine including a rotor arranged in a turbine casing and rotatably mounted on a shaft, an overall exhaust line which opens into an inlet zone of the radial turbine, said zone merging into a flow duct which carries exhaust gas, and at least one coolant duct integrated into the turbine casing to form a cooling system, the at least one coolant duct extending in a spiral around the shaft in the casing, wherein the at least one coolant duct extends circumferentially around and at a distance from the flow duct over an angle α, where α≦45°.

An exhaust gas treatment device comprises a casing and a tail gas treatment module located inside the casing, wherein the casing comprises a mixing cavity, a splitting cavity and a distributing cavity; the exhaust gas treatment device further comprises a conical mixer located inside the mixing cavity and a mixing pipe located in the splitting cavity, and the conical mixer comprises a plurality of conical swirl plates and a plurality of openings corresponding to the conical swirl plates. Therefore, on one hand, urea can be laid on the pipe wall of the mixing cavity so as to increase the evaporation area and dwelling time of the urea and improve the mixing effect; on the other hand, exhaust gas can flow more smoothly, the local pressure loss can be reduced, and the back pressure can be reduced.

A mobile refrigeration unit includes a refrigeration system having a plurality of electric motor driven components and an on-board power supply system for generating electric current and supplying the electric current to the plurality of electric motor driven components. The power supply system includes a first generator for generating a first portion of electric power, a second generator for generating a first portion of electric power, a fuel fired engine driving the first generator, and an organic Rankine cycle system driving the second generator. An engine exhaust line connects the fuel-fired engine in exhaust gas flow communication with the organic Rankine system. The unit may also include a storage battery and a power management system.

A method and apparatus for use with an oxidizer assembly of a fuel cell system in which the oxidizer assembly has an oxidizing unit for oxidizing anode exhaust gas containing electrolyte particulates and is adapted or conditioned so as to enable the electrolyte particulates to be removable from the assembly and to be removed from the assembly, and wherein the conditioning and removing occur with the oxidizing unit retained in the oxidizer assembly. The fuel cell system is also adapted so that such conditioning and removing occur with the oxidizing assembly retained in the fuel cell system.

The invention relates to a hybrid driving system, which comprises an internal-combustion engine, a first motor, a second motor, a power output shaft used for outputting power, a first brake, a second brake, a first transmission mechanism, and a second transmission mechanism. Two connected transmission mechanisms and brakes are arranged in the hybrid driving system. When the two brakes respectively brake, the two transmission mechanisms are in two different connection modes, namely two different transmission ratios (tap positions) are formed, therefore various working modes and corresponding tap positions can be selected according to different driving conditions of a vehicle, and driving requirements of the vehicle under different working conditions can be met further. Besides, by the adoption of the hybrid driving system provided by the invention, the low-speed torsion of the whole vehicle can be increased and the starting is quickened, moreover, the highest efficiency of the internal-combustion engine can be exerted under a high-speed condition, thereby promoting energy conversion efficiency, reducing tail gas emission and energy loss, and finally achieving the effects of low emission, low fuel consumption and high kinetic energy of the whole vehicle.

The invention discloses a clean production process and device for sulfur recycling and alkylated waste acid combined treatment. The process comprises Claus-process waste gas combustion, hydrogen peroxide desulfurization acid making, waste acid cracking pretreatment, waste acid atomization cracking and the like. By the process, deep desulfurization of sulfur-containing tail gas can be realized, waste acid is supplemented and the viscosity and properties of the waste acid are adjusted by dilute sulphuric acid as a side product of desulfurization, the waste acid recycling rate is increased, and full recycling of resources is realized.

A gas turbine engine system includes a gas turbine engine using vaporized liquefied gas as fuel. The gas turbine engine is configured to ingest intake air from an intake port and direct exhaust gases to an exhaust port. The gas turbine engine system also includes a heat exchanger with a heat transfer fluid therein. The heat exchanger is configured to create at least a part of the fuel by heating the liquefied gas. The gas turbine engine system also includes an intake air temperature control circuit. The intake air temperature control circuit includes conduits configured to direct the heat transfer fluid to the intake port and the exhaust port. The gas turbine engine system also includes a control system configured to selectively direct the heat transfer fluid to one of the intake port and the exhaust port.

The invention discloses a structural material ultra-high temperature corrosion experiment system and method under a serious accident of a nuclear reactor. The system comprises a gas supply system, a vacuum system, an experiment section, a cooling system and a tail gas analysis system; the gas supply system can be used for preparing corrosive gases with different water vapor contents; the experiment section is composed of a high-temperature radiation furnace, a low-temperature radiation furnace, a ceramic reaction tube, a heating wire, an air-cooled copper tube and heat preservation cotton, andtwo quartz glass windows are formed in the side wall of the high-temperature radiation furnace and used for containing a high-speed camera and an infrared temperature measurement probe respectively;the cooling system can provide necessary cooling for key equipment; the tail gas analysis system can measure the concentration of each component of the corrosion reaction tail gas on line, so that high-precision continuous measurement of reaction kinetics is realized; the experiment system further comprises a power distribution system, a numerical control system and a data measurement and acquisition system. The invention further provides an experimental method. By using the method and system, key data are provided for nuclear reactor safety design by carrying out a structural material ultra-high temperature corrosion experiment in a severe accident environment of the nuclear reactor.

An internal combustion engine is provided in which the temperature of an exhaust gas gradually decreases from its upstream side to its downstream side, and the temperature of a working medium of a heat exchanger, which flows in the opposite direction to the exhaust gas, gradually increases from its upstream side to its downstream side. The temperature difference between the exhaust gas temperature and the working medium temperature is the smallest at the interface between a liquid phase region and a two-phase region of the working medium, and since a catalyst device is incorporated at the upstream side, relative to the flow of exhaust gas, of the vicinity of the position where the temperature difference is the smallest, it is therefore possible for the heat exchanger to utilize the heat generated by the catalyst device effectively. Since the catalyst device is disposed in the two-phase region of the working medium, in which the temperature is constant, and this constant temperature is a temperature at which the catalyst is active, the catalyst can exhibit a stable exhaust gas purification performance.

A hydrocarbon adsorbent state determining apparatus is provided for compensating the ability of a hydrocarbon adsorbent to adsorb moisture for fluctuations due to a change in the flow velocity of exhaust gases to accurately determine the state of the hydrocarbon adsorbent, including a deterioration thereof, irrespective of the change in the flow rate of exhaust gases. The hydrocarbon adsorbent state determining apparatus determines the state of a hydrocarbon adsorbent disposed in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for adsorbing hydrocarbons and moisture within exhaust gases. The hydrocarbon adsorbent state determining apparatus comprises a downstream humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of exhaust gases which have passed through the hydrocarbon adsorbent, a flow velocity parameter detector for detecting a flow velocity parameter indicative of a flow velocity of the exhaust gases, and an ECU for determining the state of the hydrocarbon adsorbent in accordance with the detected humidity of the exhaust gases and the flow velocity parameter.

The invention discloses an ignition system of an energy-saving eternal lamp utilizing exhaust gas. The ignition system comprises eternal lamp ignition units and natural gas sources which are connected with the ignition unit, wherein the eternal lamp ignition unit comprises an eternal lamp igniting device; each eternal lamp igniting device comprises an eternal lamp loop and an ignition loop; the multi-gas-source eternal lamp ignition system is characterized by also comprising a flammable exhaust gas source, a liquid separation tank and a classified water sealed tank, wherein the flammable exhaust gas source is connected with the liquid separation tank and then connected with the classified water sealed tank; the eternal lamp ignition unit comprises at least two sets of eternal lamp igniting devices; the classified water sealed tank is connected with the ignition loop of at least one set of eternal lamp igniting device; the natural gas sources are connected with the ignition loops of all sets of eternal lamp igniting devices in the eternal lamp ignition unit; the flammable exhaust gas source is connected in parallel with the natural gas sources. The ignition system disclosed by the invention can be used for igniting an eternal lamp by utilizing exhaust gas, and also utilizing the gas sources in a multi-stage manner, and is safer and more reliable.

The invention discloses a pneumatic motor and provides the pneumatic motor capable of effectively improving conversion efficiency of compressed gas by reducing 'back pressure resistance'. The pneumatic motor comprises an outer shell, a stator and a rotor; an annular power area is formed at the position between the peripheral wall surface of an impeller portion of the rotor and the corresponding internal wall surface of the stator; multiple acting unit sets are distributed circumferentially along the acting area at intervals; each acting unit set comprises an acting through hole and an exhaust hole arranged in the stator. Each of the acting unit sets can generate corresponding torque power on the impeller portion, high-pressure airflow discharged from the acting through hole of one acting unit set can discharge exhaust gas acting on the rotor directly, rapidly and sufficiently through the exhaust hole in the acting unit set, resistance of exhaust gas backpressure on the impeller portion can be effectively reduced, rotation speed of the rotor can be further increased, and meanwhile energy exchange efficiency of the compressed gas can be increased.