The invention discloses a neutron-resistant radiation shield plate and a preparation method thereof. The neutron-resistant radiation shield plate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-94 parts of polyolefins resin, 4-43 parts of boron carbide powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of a coupling agent, 0.5-1 part of an anti-oxidant and 0.5-2 parts of lubricant. The preparation method of the neutron-resistant radiation shield plate comprises the following steps: 1) batching a composite material, wherein components are added into a high-speed batching stirrer, firstly mixture at a low speed is performed for 30 s, and then mixture at a high speed is performed for 120-180 s; 2) fundamentally pelletizing the composite material, wherein a premixed material is added into a double-screw extruder, and is subjected to smelting, extrusion, cooling, grain cutting and packing to obtain a composite material for the neutron-resistant radiation shield plate; 3) forming the plate, wherein the pelletized composite material is dried, is smelted and extruded by a single-screw extruding machine, is shaped by three-roll pressing, is stretched, drawn and cooled, and then is cut to obtain the neutron-resistant radiation shield plate.